started

verb 14 senses

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

Story Show the data
English comenzar commencer し始める 动手
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

Lexical record · WordNet measured

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
14
30
2

Representation snapshot

// qwen
dimension count = 4,096
vector norm = 1.0
mean activation = -0.0004
median activation = -0.00052
std. deviation = 0.01562

// greatest deviation from median
dimension = d4089
value = -0.06067
median = -0.00052
z-score = -3.8512σ
absolute deviation = 0.06016
// deepseek
dimension count = 7,168
vector norm = 1.0
mean activation = -5e-05
median activation = -7e-05
std. deviation = 0.01181

// greatest deviation from median
dimension = d5638
value = -0.14861
median = -7e-05
z-score = -12.5759σ
absolute deviation = 0.14854
// mistral
dimension count = 4,096
vector norm = 1.0
mean activation = 0.00025
median activation = 0.00029
std. deviation = 0.01562

// greatest deviation from median
dimension = d138
value = -0.06109
median = 0.00029
z-score = -3.9291σ
absolute deviation = 0.06138

Semantic proximity · cosine similarity

TermCosineDistance
began 0.2340 0.7660
starts 0.2188 0.7812
start 0.2107 0.7893
starting 0.1707 0.8293
stopped 0.1382 0.8618
tried 0.1275 0.8725
beginning 0.1246 0.8754
first 0.1241 0.8759
TermCosineDistance
start 0.6591 0.3409
starts 0.5526 0.4474
began 0.4897 0.5103
starting 0.4626 0.5374
begin 0.3871 0.6129
begins 0.3841 0.6159
was 0.3770 0.6230
had 0.3731 0.6269
TermCosineDistance
began 0.4397 0.5603
starts 0.4056 0.5944
start 0.4022 0.5978
begun 0.3133 0.6867
starting 0.3057 0.6943
stopped 0.2528 0.7472
opened 0.2457 0.7543
launched 0.2357 0.7643

Similarity is distributional, not a dictionary synonym label. High similarity can occur between antonyms because they occupy similar contextual environments.

Opposition candidates

TermCosinePolarity ΔScoreRelation
stop 0.1124 0.0312 0.09 weak opposition
end 0.0786 0.0118 0.05 weak opposition
TermCosinePolarity ΔScoreRelation
stop 0.3288 0.0457 0.21 weak opposition
end 0.2713 0.0253 0.16 weak opposition
TermCosinePolarity ΔScoreRelation
stop 0.1434 0.0215 0.09 weak opposition
end 0.0728 0.0049 0.04 weak opposition

Seeds are WordNet antonyms, ranked by embedding geometry. Opposition is never inferred from cosine distance alone: antonyms sit close, not far.

Tokenization · per model measured

ModelTokensPieces
DeepSeek V3 1 started
Mistral 7B 1 started
Qwen3 8B 1 started

Sense inventory · WordNet measured

SynsetPOSDefinitionLemmas
get_down.v.07 verb take the first step or steps in carrying out an action get down, begin, get, start out, start, set about, set out, commence
begin.v.03 verb set in motion, cause to start begin, lead off, start, commence
depart.v.03 verb leave depart, part, start, start out, set forth, set off, set out, take off
begin.v.02 verb have a beginning, in a temporal, spatial, or evaluative sense begin, start
originate.v.02 verb bring into being originate, initiate, start
start.v.06 verb get off the ground start, start up, embark on, commence
startle.v.02 verb move or jump suddenly, as if in surprise or alarm startle, jump, start
start.v.08 verb get going or set in motion start, start up
start.v.09 verb begin or set in motion start, go, get going
start.v.10 verb begin work or acting in a certain capacity, office or job start, take up
start.v.11 verb play in the starting lineup start
begin.v.07 verb have a beginning characterized in some specified way begin, start
begin.v.08 verb begin an event that is implied and limited by the nature or inherent function of the direct object begin, start
start.v.14 verb bulge outward start, protrude, pop, pop out, bulge, bulge out, bug out, come out