noun 4 senses

a soft bluish-white ductile malleable toxic bivalent metallic element; occurs in association with zinc ores

is Chinese for cds, and every measurement below was made on that English word. Definitions come from English WordNet; Open Multilingual WordNet supplies the Chinese headword, not a Chinese definition.

also covers cadmium
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

Panels 3, 4 and 5 are computed per model. Switch to see them disagree.

1 Your word measured
noun 4 senses 11 synonyms

Definitions come from WordNet, a hand-curated dictionary.

2 To an AI, it's pieces measured
Qwen3 8B byte byte byte 3 tokens

3 of those are a raw byte rather than a character: Qwen3 8B splits this word below the character, so no single token it sees is readable.

DeepSeek V3 byte byte 2 tokens

2 of those are a raw byte rather than a character: DeepSeek V3 splits this word below the character, so no single token it sees is readable.

Mistral 7B byte byte byte 3 tokens

3 of those are a raw byte rather than a character: Mistral 7B splits this word below the character, so no single token it sees is readable.

This panel splits itself, not cds — a tokenizer does not care what language it is fed. It is the only panel here that does.

This is the tokenizer splitting text, not the model understanding it.

3 Synonyms, antonyms, and the AI measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

Dictionary synonyms measured

cadmium0.08 candela0.04 candle0.03 Cd atomic number 48 cd standard candle certificate of deposit CD compact disk compact disc

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to cds. 3 of 11 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

Dictionary synonyms measured

candela0.12 candle0.02 cadmium0.01 Cd atomic number 48 cd standard candle certificate of deposit CD compact disk compact disc

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to cds. 3 of 11 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

Dictionary synonyms measured

cadmium0.13 candela0.06 candle0.02 Cd atomic number 48 cd standard candle certificate of deposit CD compact disk compact disc

Shade shows how close the model puts each word to cds. 3 of 11 dictionary synonyms are in this build; the rest have no vector to compare yet.

Model neighbours are distributional, not dictionary synonyms. Two words can be close because they appear in similar sentences, which is why an antonym can outscore a synonym here.

4 Its personality measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B
rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

rare common
concrete abstract
casual formal
everyday technical
negative positive
mild intense
powerless powerful
small big

Scores are projections onto axes we defined from anchor words, not labels the model assigns.

5 Surprising neighbours measured
Qwen3 8B
DeepSeek V3
Mistral 7B

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to cds. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to cds. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

This model splits cds into 2 pieces, so it has no vector of its own here: this is the average of its fragments, and the results below are correspondingly rough.

These sit just outside the closest neighbours in panel 3, and no dictionary lists any of them as related to cds. That gap is the model’s own learned association.

These are statistical associations in the training data, not the model thinking.